Measuring the wind

In 1805, a British Naval officer called Francis Beaufort introduced a scale from 0 -12 for measuring the speed of the wind at sea. Admiral Beaufort developed the scale based on his observations of the wind and waves and used everyday terms for each level of his scale.

The Beaufort Scale is still used today to describe the speed of wind at sea and the effect of wind on the surface of the water. Wind speed is measured in knots, with one knot equal to one nautical mile per hour. A nautical mile is just a bit longer than a land mile.

Today we also use wind instruments to measure the exact speed of the wind.

So lets’ take a look at the Beaufort Scale – the force, the speed of the wind in knots, how you would describe the wind and how you would describe the state of the sea...

Force Knots Description Sea Description 01 knot Calm Calm (glassy) 11 – 3 knots Light air Calm (rippled) 2
4 – 6 knots
Light breeze
Smooth (wavelets)
3
7 – 10 knots
Gentle breeze
Slight
4
11 – 16 knots
Moderate breeze
Slight – Moderate
5
17 – 21 knots
Fresh breeze
Moderate
6
22 – 27 knots
Strong breeze
Rough
7
28 – 33 knots
Near gale
Rough – Very Rough
8
34 – 40 knots
Gale
Very rough – High
9
41 – 47 knots
Severe gale
High
10
48 – 55 knots
Storm
Very High
11
56 – 63 knots
Violent storm
Very High
12
Over 64 knots
Hurricane
Phenomenal

Next time you’re out on the water why not practise working out what force you think the wind is and then check on the boat’s instruments to see if you’re right!

As well as knowing how strong the wind is, when you’re out on the water you’ll need to learn where the wind is coming from, this is called wind direction.

The wind direction is shown by which point of the compass the wind is blowing from. For example a south wind blows from the south, NOT to the south!

Brainteaser – when is a knot, not a knot?

When it’s a nautical mile per hour!

Seven Steps to Safer Navigation Under Sail!

Sailing navigation begins with the process of interpretation of what you see and how that will affect your small sailboat and her crew now and in the future.  Keep sailing safer when you make most of your navigation preparations dockside before you cast off that first line.
 
Follow these seven simple sailing tips to keep your small sailboat and her crew in safe water this season. Grab a set of colored pencils or highlighters and mark or highlight your chart for safer, easier navigation this sailing season.


1.    Mark Shoals and Set the Alarm!

Use a dark blue pencil to mark any shoal within one to two miles of your sailing tracks. Set your depth sounder alarm to trigger when you sail within a mile or so of any of these shoals. This will give you more time to change course toward deeper water for sailing safety. 

2.    Look for Ranges (Transits) for "Bulls-eye" Navigation.

Use ranges (also called "transits")--two objects that line up with one another--to keep in the center of a channel.  Look on your nautical chart and see if you can find two charted objects that line up with the channel. Ranges (transits) make sailing easier and safer no matter where you sail!

3.    Draw in Danger Bearings to Boost Safety.

Use your magenta or crimson colored pencil to mark wrecks that you will pass close to as you sail along your sailing track.  Realize that wrecks can shift position after storms or in strong currents. So, that charted position may or may not be accurate on an older uncorrected chart. Keep a safe distance away to avoid damage to hull, keel, rudder, propeller or propeller shaft.

4.    Circle Emergency Anchorages to Stand Out.

Use green colored pencil to draw an anchor symbol surrounded by a circle, marking emergency anchorages. If you lose engine power in a narrow channel or you need to "pull off the road" when sailing along the coast, an emergency anchorage that's already marked and highlighted provides a super fast sailing solution day or night.

5.   Darken the Lat/Long Scales for Faster Plotting.

Do you find the Latitude and Longitude scales difficult to read in low light conditions? Use a fine tip laundry marking pen (waterproof) to darken the scales on the right, left, top, and bottom of your nautical chart. Now those scales will stand out to make plotting and orientation faster and easier!

6.   Make a Customized Distance Scale.

Make your own distance scales for each chart. Draw a vertical or horizontal line and mark off miles and tenths.  Use your laundry marker to make it stand out. Tape over the scale to protect it. Now you have an easy to use, easy to find scale that will make plotting faster and easier.

7.   Form a "Box of Protection" Around Sailing Courses.
 
Imagine that your sailing track lies inside a four sided rectangular shaped structure. Each side lies about two to three miles away from any point of the sailing track. Now, scan out to that distance from each side of this virtual "box of safety". Do you see any rocks, wrecks, obstructions? How about notes that tell you of tide rips, breakers, or rip currents?  Highlight any features that will help keep your small sailboat and sailing crew safe and sound.

Warm Regards,

Captain John

Author of "Seamanship Secrets"

Website: http://SkipperTips.com

"Be the Skipper You Want to Be!"

RYA Safety Boat Course – A life saver!

Do this great course with Elements Watersports, the only RYA school in NZ that runs sailing and windsurf courses throughout the year. Learn from those that know how and are up to date with best practice.

RYA Safety Boat Course – A life saver! 

Learn more about the course, what's involved, dealing with entrapments and how real life application can save lives.

The RYA Safety Boat course is a two day course aimed at those who supervise or provide safety cover for dinghy fleets and windsurfers.

It is a very practical course where each student gets hands-on experience of rescuing single-handers; double-handers; full inversions; capsize with spinnaker up, as well as windsurf rescues and possibly kayak and canoe rescue (kayak and canoe rescue may only be covered in theory).

“We would encourage all those working in a support capacity for clubs or centres to consider attending this popular and useful course, and to make full use of the opportunities to practice techniques that the exercises in the course provide,” comments Rachel Andrews, RYA Chief Instructor, Motor Cruising and Power.

The course focusses on safe powerboat driving and how to use the stricken boat’s crew to assist in their own rescue. You’ll also discuss different scenarios, mark laying and learn how to set safe courses.

“The course is undoubtedly a tiring one as there is plenty of rescuing action, but most students really enjoy the thrill of affecting a good rescue,” concluded Rachel.

One aspect of the course is dealing with entrapments.

We all know there is a risk of entrapment when a dinghy capsizes. Avoidance techniques and rescue procedures are many and varied, but there are two recurring themes.

Firstly, in a training situation the use of a masthead float would, in most situations, prevent complete inversion. The fact that an entangled crew member’s head would be close to or on the surface, would allow them to at least take a breath and buy them some time while others deal with trying to free them.

Secondly, if a dinghy needs to be righted quickly, the traditional method of two hefty folk on the upturned hull applying leverage to the centreboard will bring the dinghy to 90 degrees as quickly, if not quicker, than any other method.

Case study

A day boat was being raced in a regatta, helmed by a disabled gentleman with a crew of three experienced sailors. During a downwind leg, the boat inadvertently gybed and inverted, and the helm was trapped underwater beneath the hull. The situation was exacerbated by a modification to the boat and the fact that the helm was wearing an automatically inflated lifejacket.

The day boat crew and the crew of the attending RIB made brave attempts to reach the trapped sailor, but it was only once of the RIB’s crew used a line to right the craft, were they able to reach the helm, who by then had stopped breathing. Fortunately, due to the prompt first aid given, the helm began to breathe for himself and was quickly evacuated to hospital by the local air ambulance, where he made a full recovery.

Investigation after the event revealed that the crew of the RIB concerned had been on a RYA Safety Boat course and had received training on how to right inverted dinghies - a significant factor in this case.

Sadly, entrapments continue to occur, occasionally with deadly results, but with the right training there are some encouraging signs that it can be avoided, as our case study illustrates.

Course overview

Pre-course
knowledge
Basic understanding of sailing boats and windsurfers. RYA Powerboat Level 2 certificate must be held prior to this course Minimum duration 2 days
Finish16Course content Preparation, boat handling, dinghy rescue, windsurfer rescue, kayak or canoe rescue (can be covered as theory), towing, end-of-day procedures, safety, suitability of craft, local factors, communication, rescuing other water users
Ability after the course Able to provide safety or support cover to a range of craft, particularly sailing or windsurfing

To find out more about the RYA Safety Boat course and other RYA Training courses visit www.rya.org.uk/coursestraining